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<title>Beneventan script</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Beneventan script</span></span>

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<p>The <b>Beneventan script</b> was a <a href="Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">medieval</a> <a href="Writing_system" title="Writing system">script</a> that originated in the <a href="Duchy_of_Benevento" title="Duchy of Benevento">Duchy of Benevento</a> in <a href="Southern_Italy" title="Southern Italy">southern Italy</a>. In the past it has also been called <i>Langobarda</i>, <i>Longobarda</i>, <i>Longobardisca</i> (signifying its origins in the territories ruled by the <a href="Lombards" title="Lombards">Lombards</a>), or sometimes <i>Gothica</i>; it was first called <i>Beneventan</i> by <a href="Palaeography" title="Palaeography">palaeographer</a> <a href="Elias_Avery_Lowe" title="Elias Avery Lowe">E. A. Lowe</a>.

</p><p>It is mostly associated with Italy south of <a href="Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>, but it was also used in Beneventan-influenced centres across the <a href="Adriatic_Sea" title="Adriatic Sea">Adriatic Sea</a> in <a href="Dalmatia" title="Dalmatia">Dalmatia</a>. The script was used from approximately the mid-8th century until the 13th century, although there are examples from as late as the 16th century. There were two major centres of Beneventan usage: the monastery on <a href="Monte_Cassino" title="Monte Cassino">Monte Cassino</a>, and <a href="Bari" title="Bari">Bari</a>. The Bari type developed in the 10th century from the Monte Cassino type; both were based on <a href="Roman_cursive" title="Roman cursive">Roman cursive</a> as written by the Langobards. In general the script is very angular. According to Lowe, the perfected form of the script was used in the 11th century, while <a href="Pope_Victor_III" title="Pope Victor III">Desiderius</a> was abbot of Monte Cassino, declining thereafter.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Features">Features</h2></div>

<p>Beneventan features many <a href="Ligature_(typography)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ligature (typography)">ligatures</a> and "connecting strokes" – the letters of a word could be joined together by a single line, with forms almost unrecognizable to a modern eye.

Ligatures may be obligatory as: <span class="nowrap">⟨ei⟩</span>, <span class="nowrap">⟨gi⟩</span>, <span class="nowrap">⟨li⟩</span>, <span class="nowrap">⟨ri⟩</span> and <span class="nowrap">⟨ti⟩</span> (two different forms: <i>ti-dura</i> where t had kept the t sound and <i>ti-assibilata</i> where t had taken the vulgar ts sound). They may be optional: frequent as <span class="nowrap">⟨et⟩</span>, <span class="nowrap">⟨ae⟩</span> and <span class="nowrap">⟨st⟩</span>; or rare as <span class="nowrap">⟨ta⟩</span>, <span class="nowrap">⟨to⟩</span> and <span class="nowrap">⟨xp⟩</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-NewtonF_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NewtonF-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

Ligatures involving the letter <span class="nowrap">⟨t⟩</span> resemble late New Latin Cursive as in the <a href="Merovingian_script" title="Merovingian script">Merovingian</a> and <a href="Visigothic_script" title="Visigothic script">Visigothic</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-NewtonF_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NewtonF-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> exception made for peculiar <span class="nowrap">⟨st⟩</span> ligature where <span class="nowrap">⟨s⟩</span> is connected to <span class="nowrap">⟨t⟩</span> on top influencing later on the German pre-caroline script and all the script from this derived until nowadays.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In ligatures <span class="nowrap">⟨t⟩</span> can take many forms depending on the letter joined to it. Ligatures with the letters <span class="nowrap">⟨e⟩</span> and <span class="nowrap">⟨r⟩</span> are also common. In early forms of Beneventan, the letter <span class="nowrap">⟨a⟩</span> has an open top, similar to the letter <span class="nowrap">⟨u⟩</span>; later, it resembled "cc" or "oc", with long tails hanging to the right. In the Bari type, the letter <span class="nowrap">⟨c⟩</span> often has a "broken" form, resembling the Beneventan form of the letter <span class="nowrap">⟨e⟩</span>. However, <span class="nowrap">⟨e⟩</span> itself has a very long middle arm, distinguishing it from <span class="nowrap">⟨c⟩</span>. The letter <span class="nowrap">⟨d⟩</span> can have a vertical or left-slanting <a href="Ascender_(typography)" title="Ascender (typography)">ascender</a>, the letter <span class="nowrap">⟨g⟩</span> resembles the <a href="Uncial" class="mw-redirect" title="Uncial">uncial</a> form, and the letter <span class="nowrap">⟨i⟩</span> is very tall and resembles <span class="nowrap">⟨l⟩</span>.

</p><p>The script has a unique way to signify <a href="Scribal_abbreviation" title="Scribal abbreviation">abbreviations</a> both by omission and contraction – like most other Latin scripts, missing letters can be signified by a macron over the previous letter, although Beneventan often adds a dot to the macron. There is also a symbol resembling the digit <span class="nowrap">⟨3⟩</span>, or a sideways <span class="nowrap">⟨m⟩</span>, when the letter <span class="nowrap">⟨m⟩</span> has been omitted. In other scripts there is often little or no punctuation, but standard punctuation forms were developed for the Beneventan script, including the basis for the modern <a href="Question_mark" title="Question mark">question mark</a>.

</p><p>Beneventan shares some features with Visigothic and Merovingian script, probably due to the common late Roman matrix.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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<li id="cite_note-NewtonF-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NewtonF_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NewtonF_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">The Scriptorium and Library at Monte Cassino, 1058-1105, Francis Newton</span>

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<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fonts for latin paleography, 4th ed., Juan-José Marcos</span>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div>

<ul><li>Francesco Bianchi/Antonio Magi Spinetti: BMB. Bibliografia dei manoscritti in scrittura Beneventana, Rom 1993 ff.</li>

<li>Giulio Battelli: Beneventana, scritture e miniatura, in: Enciclopedia Cattolica II, Città del Vaticano 1949, p. 1617-1618.</li>

<li>Virginia Brown: A second new list of beneventan manuscripts, in: Studi medievali 40 (1978), p. 239-289</li>

<li><a href="Guglielmo_Cavallo" title="Guglielmo Cavallo">Guglielmo Cavallo</a>: Rotoli di Exultet dell'Italia meridionale, Bari 1973.</li>

<li><a href="Guglielmo_Cavallo" title="Guglielmo Cavallo">Guglielmo Cavallo</a>: Struttura e articolazione della minuscola beneventana tra i secoli X – XII, in: Studi medievali 3. ser. 11 (1970), p. 343-368.</li>

<li>Alfonso Gallo: Contributo allo studio delle scritture meridionali nell'alto medio evo, in: Bulletino dell'Istituto Storico Italiano 47 (1931), S. 333-350.</li>

<li>Elias Avery Lowe: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/beneventanscript00loweuoft/page/n3/mode/2up"><i>The Beneventan Script. A history of the south Italian Minuscule</i></a>, Oxford 1914.</li>

<li>Elias Avery Lowe: Scriptura beneventana. A history of the South Italian minuscule, 2 vol., Oxford 1929.</li>

<li>Elias Avery Lowe: A new list of beneventan manuscripts. In: Collectanea Vaticana in honorem A. M. card. Albareda, Città del Vaticano1962 (Studi e testi 220), p. 211-244 = ders., Palaographical Papers II, Oxford 1972, p. 417-479.</li>

<li>Elias Avery Loew [=Lowe]: The Beneventan Script, 2 Bde., 2. Aufl., Rom 1978 - 1980.</li>

<li>Francis Newton: Fifty Years of Beneventan Studies, in: AfD 50 (2004), p. 327-346.</li>

<li>Viktor Novak: Scriptura Beneventana, Zagreb 1920</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.typofonts.com/LATIN_PALEOGRAPHY.pdf">'Fonts for Latin Paleography: User's Manual. 6th edition'</a> A manual of Latin paleography; a comprehensive PDF file containing 82 pages profusely illustrated, 4 January 2024).</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170920063701/http://edu.let.unicas.it/bmb/">Bibliography of beneventan manuscripts</a></li></ul>

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</style><div id="Types_of_handwritten_European_scripts135" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Types of <a href="Handwriting_script" title="Handwriting script">handwritten</a> European <a href="Handwriting_script" title="Handwriting script">scripts</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ancient<br> and medieval</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Roman_cursive" title="Roman cursive">Roman</a></li>

<li><a href="Rustic_capitals" title="Rustic capitals">Rustic</a></li>

<li><a href="Uncial_script" title="Uncial script">Uncial</a></li>

<li><a href="Visigothic_script" title="Visigothic script">Visigothic</a></li>

<li><a href="Merovingian_script" title="Merovingian script">Merovingian</a></li>

<li><a href="Carolingian_minuscule" title="Carolingian minuscule">Carolingian</a></li>

<li><a href="Insular_script" title="Insular script">Insular script</a></li>

<li><a href="Blackletter" title="Blackletter">Blackletter</a></li>

<li><a href="Rotunda_(script)" title="Rotunda (script)">Rotunda</a></li>

<li><a href="Bastarda" title="Bastarda">Bastarda</a></li>

<li><a href="Georgian_calligraphy" title="Georgian calligraphy">Georgian</a></li>

<li><a href="Greek_minuscule" title="Greek minuscule">Greek</a></li>

<li><a href="Early_Cyrillic_alphabet" title="Early Cyrillic alphabet">Early Cyrillic</a>

<ul><li>Ustav</li>

<li>Poluustav</li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Serbian_Cyrillic" class="mw-redirect" title="Serbian Cyrillic">Serbian Cyrillic</a>

<ul><li><a href="Bosnian_Cyrillic" title="Bosnian Cyrillic">Bosančica</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Glagolitic_script" title="Glagolitic script">Glagolitic</a>

<ul><li><a href="Croatian_Glagolitic" class="mw-redirect" title="Croatian Glagolitic">Angular</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Court_hand" title="Court hand">Court hand</a></li>

<li><a href="Lombardic_capitals" title="Lombardic capitals">Lombardic</a></li></ul>

</div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Modern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Cursive" title="Cursive">Cursive</a></li>

<li><a href="Chancery_hand" title="Chancery hand">Chancery</a></li>

<li><a href="Johannine_script" title="Johannine script">Johannine</a></li>

<li><a href="Humanist_minuscule" title="Humanist minuscule">Humanist</a></li>

<li><a href="Italic_script" title="Italic script">Italic</a></li>

<li><a href="Round_hand" title="Round hand">Round</a></li>

<li><a href="Secretary_hand" title="Secretary hand">Secretary</a></li>

<li><a href="Library_hand" title="Library hand">Library</a></li>

<li><a href="Technical_lettering" title="Technical lettering">Technical lettering</a></li>

<li><a href="Copperplate_script" title="Copperplate script">Copperplate</a></li>

<li><a href="Spencerian_Method" class="mw-redirect" title="Spencerian Method">Spencerian</a></li>

<li><a href="Ronde_script" title="Ronde script">Ronde</a></li>

<li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="Kurrent" title="Kurrent">Kurrent</a></i></span></li>

<li><a href="Russian_cursive" title="Russian cursive">Russian cursive</a></li>

<li><a href="Skoropis" title="Skoropis">Skoropis</a> (<a href="Ukrainian_skoropys" title="Ukrainian skoropys">Ukrainian skoropys</a>)</li>

<li><a href="Shorthand" title="Shorthand">Shorthand</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Teaching_script" title="Teaching script">Teaching scripts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Barchowsky_Fluent_Handwriting" title="Barchowsky Fluent Handwriting">Barchowsky Fluent Handwriting</a></li>

<li><a href="D'Nealian" title="D'Nealian">D'Nealian</a></li>

<li><a href="Getty-Dubay_Italic" title="Getty-Dubay Italic">Getty-Dubay Italic</a></li>

<li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="Grundschrift" title="Grundschrift">Grundschrift</a></i></span></li>

<li><a href="Palmer_Method" title="Palmer Method">Palmer</a></li>

<li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="S%C3%BCtterlin" title="Sütterlin">Sütterlin</a></i></span></li>

<li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="Vereinfachte_Ausgangsschrift" title="Vereinfachte Ausgangsschrift">Vereinfachte Ausgangsschrift</a></i></span></li>

<li><a href="Zaner-Bloser_Method" class="mw-redirect" title="Zaner-Bloser Method">Zaner-Bloser</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Types_of_writing_systems56" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Types_of_writing_systems56" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="List_of_writing_systems" title="List of writing systems">Types</a> of <a href="Writing_system" title="Writing system">writing systems</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Overview</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="History_of_writing" title="History of writing">History of writing</a></li>

<li><a href="Grapheme" title="Grapheme">Grapheme</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="List_of_writing_systems" title="List of writing systems">Writing systems</a>

<ul><li><a href="Undeciphered_writing_systems" title="Undeciphered writing systems">undeciphered</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_creators_of_writing_systems" title="List of creators of writing systems">inventors</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_constructed_scripts" title="List of constructed scripts">constructed</a></li></ul></li>

<li>Languages by writing system / <a href="List_of_languages_by_first_written_accounts" class="mw-redirect" title="List of languages by first written accounts">by first written accounts</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Types56" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="List_of_writing_systems" title="List of writing systems">Types</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Abjads0" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Abjad" title="Abjad">Abjads</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><i><a href="Abjad_numerals" title="Abjad numerals">Numerals</a></i></li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="Aramaic_alphabet" title="Aramaic alphabet">Aramaic</a>

<ul><li><a href="Hatran_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Hatran alphabet">Hatran</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Arabic_script" title="Arabic script">Arabic</a>

<ul><li><a href="Elifba_alphabet" title="Elifba alphabet">Elifba</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Egyptian_hieroglyphs" title="Egyptian hieroglyphs">Egyptian hieroglyphs</a></li>

<li><a href="Elymaic" title="Elymaic">Elymaic</a></li>

<li><a href="Hebrew_alphabet" title="Hebrew alphabet">Hebrew</a>

<ul><li><a href="Ktav_Ashuri" title="Ktav Ashuri">Ashuri</a></li>

<li><a href="Cursive_Hebrew" title="Cursive Hebrew">Cursive</a></li>

<li><a href="Rashi_script" title="Rashi script">Rashi</a></li>

<li><a href="Solitreo" title="Solitreo">Solitreo</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Tifinagh" title="Tifinagh">Tifinagh</a></li>

<li><a href="Mandaic_alphabet" title="Mandaic alphabet">Mandaic</a></li>

<li><a href="Manichaean_script" title="Manichaean script">Manichaean</a></li>

<li><a href="Nabataean_script" title="Nabataean script">Nabataean</a></li>

<li><a href="Ancient_North_Arabian" title="Ancient North Arabian">Ancient North Arabian</a></li>

<li><a href="Pahlavi_scripts" title="Pahlavi scripts">Pahlavi</a>

<li><a href="Inscriptional_Pahlavi" title="Inscriptional Pahlavi">Inscriptional</a></li>

<li><a href="Inscriptional_Parthian" title="Inscriptional Parthian">Inscriptional Parthian</a></li>

<li><a href="Psalter_Pahlavi" title="Psalter Pahlavi">Psalter</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Pegon_script" title="Pegon script">Pegon</a></li>

<li><a href="Phoenician_alphabet" title="Phoenician alphabet">Phoenician</a>

<ul><li><a href="Paleo-Hebrew_alphabet" title="Paleo-Hebrew alphabet">Paleo-Hebrew</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Pitman_shorthand" title="Pitman shorthand">Pitman shorthand</a></li>

<li><a href="Proto-Sinaitic_script" title="Proto-Sinaitic script">Proto-Sinaitic</a></li>

<li><a href="Punic_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Punic alphabet">Punic</a></li>

<li><a href="Samaritan_script" title="Samaritan script">Samaritan</a></li>

<li><a href="Ancient_South_Arabian_script" title="Ancient South Arabian script">South Arabian</a>

<ul><li><a href="Ancient_South_Arabian_script#Zabur_script" title="Ancient South Arabian script">Zabur</a></li>

<li><a href="Ancient_South_Arabian_script#Musnad" title="Ancient South Arabian script">Musnad</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Sogdian_alphabet" title="Sogdian alphabet">Sogdian</a></li>

<li><a href="Syriac_alphabet" title="Syriac alphabet">Syriac</a>

<ul><li><a href="Syriac_alphabet#Classical_ʾEsṭrangēlā" title="Syriac alphabet">ʾEsṭrangēlā</a></li>

<li><a href="Syriac_alphabet#West_Syriac_Serṭā" title="Syriac alphabet">Serṭā</a></li>

<li><a href="Syriac_alphabet#East_Syriac_Maḏnḥāyā" title="Syriac alphabet">Maḏnḥāyā</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Teeline_Shorthand" class="mw-redirect" title="Teeline Shorthand">Teeline Shorthand</a></li>

<li><a href="Ugaritic_alphabet" title="Ugaritic alphabet">Ugaritic</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Abugidas0" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Abugida" title="Abugida">Abugidas</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="Brahmic_scripts" title="Brahmic scripts">Brahmic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Northern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Bengali%E2%80%93Assamese_script" title="Bengali–Assamese script">Bengali–Assamese</a></li>

<li><a href="Bhaiksuki_script" title="Bhaiksuki script">Bhaiksuki</a></li>

<li><a href="Brahmi_script" title="Brahmi script">Brahmi script</a></li>

<li><a href="Devanagari" title="Devanagari">Devanagari</a></li>

<li><a href="Dogri_script" title="Dogri script">Dogri</a></li>

<li><a href="Gujarati_script" title="Gujarati script">Gujarati</a></li>

<li><a href="Gupta_script" title="Gupta script">Gupta</a></li>

<li><a href="Gurmukhi" title="Gurmukhi">Gurmukhi</a></li>

<li><a href="Kaithi" title="Kaithi">Kaithi</a></li>

<li><a href="Kalinga_script" title="Kalinga script">Kalinga</a></li>

<li><a href="Khema_script" title="Khema script">Khema</a></li>

<li><a href="Khojki_script" title="Khojki script">Khojki</a></li>

<li><a href="Khudabadi_script" title="Khudabadi script">Khudabadi</a></li>

<li><a href="La%E1%B9%87%E1%B8%8D%C4%81_scripts" title="Laṇḍā scripts">Laṇḍā</a></li>

<li><a href="Lepcha_script" title="Lepcha script">Lepcha</a></li>

<li><a href="Mahajani" title="Mahajani">Mahajani</a></li>

<li><a href="Marchen_script" title="Marchen script">Marchen</a></li>

<li><a href="Meitei_script" title="Meitei script">Meitei</a></li>

<li><a href="Multani_script" title="Multani script">Multani</a></li>

<li><a href="N%C4%81gar%C4%AB_script" title="Nāgarī script">Nagari</a></li>

<li><a href="Nandinagari" title="Nandinagari">Nandinagari</a></li>

<li><a href="Newari_scripts" title="Newari scripts">Nepalese scripts</a>

<ul><li><a href="Bhujimol_script" title="Bhujimol script">Bhujimol</a></li>

<li>Golmol</li>

<li>Himmol</li>

<li>Kummol</li>

<li>Kvemmol</li>

<li>Pachumol</li>

<li><a href="Pracalit_script" title="Pracalit script">Pracalit</a></li>

<li><a href="Ranjana_script" title="Ranjana script">Ranjana</a></li>

<li><a href="Tamyig_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Tamyig script">Tamyig</a></li>

<li><a href="Tirhuta_script" title="Tirhuta script">Tirhuta</a></li>

<li><a href="Limbu_script" title="Limbu script">Limbu</a></li>

<li><a href="Nepalese_scripts" class="mw-redirect" title="Nepalese scripts">Litumol</a></li></ul></li>

<ul><li><a href="Karani_script" title="Karani script">Karani</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="%CA%BCPhags-pa_script" title="ʼPhags-pa script">ʼPhags-pa</a></li>

<li><a href="Sharada_script" title="Sharada script">Sharada</a></li>

<li><a href="Siddha%E1%B9%83_script" title="Siddhaṃ script">Siddhaṃ</a></li>

<li><a href="Soyombo_script" title="Soyombo script">Soyombo</a></li>

<li><a href="Sylheti_Nagri" title="Sylheti Nagri">Sylheti Nagri</a></li>

<li><a href="Takri_script" title="Takri script">Takri</a></li>

<li><a href="Tibetan_script" title="Tibetan script">Tibetan</a>

<ul><li><a href="Uchen_script" title="Uchen script">Uchen</a></li>

<li><a href="Tocharian_script" title="Tocharian script">Tocharian</a></li>

<li><a href="Zanabazar_square_script" title="Zanabazar square script">Zanabazar square</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Southern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Balinese_script" title="Balinese script">Balinese</a></li>

<li><a href="Batak_script" title="Batak script">Batak</a></li>

<li><a href="Baybayin" title="Baybayin">Baybayin</a></li>

<li><a href="Bhattiprolu_script" title="Bhattiprolu script">Bhattiprolu</a></li>

<li><a href="Buhid_script" title="Buhid script">Buhid</a></li>

<li><a href="Chakma_script" title="Chakma script">Chakma</a></li>

<li><a href="Fakkham_script" title="Fakkham script">Fakkham</a></li>

<li><a href="Grantha_script" title="Grantha script">Grantha</a></li>

<li><a href="Goykanadi" title="Goykanadi">Goykanadi</a></li>

<li><a href="Hanunoo_script" title="Hanunoo script">Hanunoo</a></li>

<li><a href="Javanese_script" title="Javanese script">Javanese</a></li>

<li><a href="Kadamba_script" title="Kadamba script">Kadamba</a></li>

<li><a href="Kannada_script" title="Kannada script">Kannada</a></li>

<li><a href="S'gaw_Karen_alphabet" title="S'gaw Karen alphabet">Karen</a></li>

<li><a href="Khmer_script" title="Khmer script">Khmer</a>

<li><a href="Kulitan" title="Kulitan">Kulitan</a></li>

<li><a href="Tai_Tham_script" title="Tai Tham script">Lanna</a></li>

<li><a href="Langdi" title="Langdi">Langdi</a></li>

<li><a href="Lontara_script" title="Lontara script">Lontara</a>

<ul><li><a href="Lontara_Bilang-bilang_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Lontara Bilang-bilang script">Bilang-bilang</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Makasar_script" title="Makasar script">Makasar</a></li>

<li><a href="Malayalam_script" title="Malayalam script">Malayalam</a></li>

<li><a href="Maldivian_writing_systems" title="Maldivian writing systems">Old Maldivian</a>

<ul><li><a href="Dhives_Akuru" title="Dhives Akuru">Dhives Akuru</a></li>

<li><a href="Eveyla_Akuru" class="mw-redirect" title="Eveyla Akuru">Eveyla Akuru</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Mon%E2%80%93Burmese_script" title="Mon–Burmese script">Mon–Burmese</a></li>

<li><a href="Pallava_script" title="Pallava script">Pallava</a></li>

<li><a href="Saurashtra_script" title="Saurashtra script">Saurashtra</a></li>

<li><a href="Sinhala_script" title="Sinhala script">Sinhala</a></li>

<li><a href="Sukhothai_script" title="Sukhothai script">Sukhothai</a></li>

<li><a href="Sundanese_script" title="Sundanese script">Sundanese</a>

<ul><li><a href="Old_Sundanese_script" title="Old Sundanese script">Old Sundanese</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Tagbanwa_script" title="Tagbanwa script">Tagbanwa</a></li>

<li><a href="Tamil_script" title="Tamil script">Tamil</a></li>

<li><a href="Tamil-Brahmi" title="Tamil-Brahmi">Tamil-Brahmi</a></li>

<li><a href="Tanchangya_script" title="Tanchangya script">Tanchangya</a></li>

<li><a href="Telugu_script" title="Telugu script">Telugu</a></li>

<li><a href="Tigalari_script" title="Tigalari script">Tigalari</a></li>

<li><a href="Ulu_scripts" title="Ulu scripts">Ulu scripts</a>

<ul><li><a href="Incung_script" title="Incung script">Incung</a></li>

<li><a href="Lampung_script" title="Lampung script">Lampung</a></li>

<li><a href="Lembak_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Lembak script">Lembak</a></li>

<li><a href="Pasemah_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Pasemah script">Pasemah</a></li>

<li><a href="Rejang_alphabet" title="Rejang alphabet">Rejang</a></li>

<li><a href="Serawai_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Serawai script">Serawai</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Vatteluttu" title="Vatteluttu">Vatteluttu</a>

<ul><li><a href="Kolezhuthu" class="mw-redirect" title="Kolezhuthu">Kolezhuthu</a></li>

<li><a href="Malayanma" title="Malayanma">Malayanma</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Bharati_script" title="Bharati script">Bharati</a></li>

<li><a href="Boyd's_syllabic_shorthand" title="Boyd's syllabic shorthand">Boyd's syllabic shorthand</a></li>

<li><a href="Canadian_Aboriginal_syllabics" title="Canadian Aboriginal syllabics">Canadian syllabics</a>

<ul><li><a href="Blackfoot_language#Writing_system" title="Blackfoot language">Blackfoot</a></li>

<li><a href="Carrier_syllabics" title="Carrier syllabics">Déné syllabics</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Ge%CA%BDez_script" title="Geʽez script">Geʽez</a></li>

<li><a href="Gunjala_Gondi_script" title="Gunjala Gondi script">Gunjala Gondi</a></li>

<li><a href="Japanese_Braille" title="Japanese Braille">Japanese Braille</a></li>

<li><a href="Sarati" title="Sarati">Sarati</a></li>

<li><a href="Sunwar_language#Writing_Systems" title="Sunwar language">Jenticha</a></li>

<li><a href="Kharosthi" title="Kharosthi">Kharosthi</a></li>

<li><a href="Mandombe_script" title="Mandombe script">Mandombe</a></li>

<li><a href="Gondi_writing" title="Gondi writing">Masaram Gondi</a></li>

<li><a href="Meroitic_script" title="Meroitic script">Meroitic</a></li>

<li><a href="Mwangwego_script" title="Mwangwego script">Mwangwego</a></li>

<li><a href="Pahawh_Hmong" title="Pahawh Hmong">Pahawh Hmong</a></li>

<li><a href="Sorang_Sompeng_script" title="Sorang Sompeng script">Sorang Sompeng</a></li>

<li><a href="Tengwar" title="Tengwar">Tengwar</a></li>

<li><a href="Thaana" title="Thaana">Thaana</a></li>

<li><a href="Thomas_Natural_Shorthand" title="Thomas Natural Shorthand">Thomas Natural Shorthand</a></li>

<li><a href="Warang_Citi" title="Warang Citi">Warang Citi</a></li>

<li><a href="Mwangwego_script" title="Mwangwego script">Mwangwego</a></li>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Alphabets0" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Alphabet" title="Alphabet">Alphabets</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Linear</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Adlam_script" title="Adlam script">Adlam</a></li>

<li><a href="Ariyaka_script" title="Ariyaka script">Ariyaka</a></li>

<li><a href="Armenian_alphabet" title="Armenian alphabet">Armenian</a></li>

<li><a href="Avestan_alphabet" title="Avestan alphabet">Avestan</a>

<ul><li><a href="Pazend" title="Pazend">Pazend</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Avoiuli" title="Avoiuli">Avoiuli</a></li>

<li><a href="Bassa_Vah_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Bassa Vah script">Bassa Vah</a></li>

<li><a href="Carian_alphabets" title="Carian alphabets">Carian</a></li>

<li><a href="Caucasian_Albanian_script" title="Caucasian Albanian script">Caucasian Albanian</a></li>

<li><a href="Cirth" title="Cirth">Cirth</a></li>

<li><a href="Coelbren_y_Beirdd" title="Coelbren y Beirdd">Coelbren</a></li>

<li><a href="Coorgi%E2%80%93Cox_alphabet" title="Coorgi–Cox alphabet">Coorgi–Cox alphabet</a></li>

<li><a href="Coptic_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Coptic alphabet">Coptic</a></li>

<li><a href="Cyrillic_script" title="Cyrillic script">Cyrillic</a>

<ul><li><a href="Serbian_Cyrillic" class="mw-redirect" title="Serbian Cyrillic">Serbian</a></li>

<li><a href="Early_Cyrillic_alphabet" title="Early Cyrillic alphabet">Early</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Deseret_alphabet" title="Deseret alphabet">Deseret</a></li>

<li><a href="Duployan_shorthand" title="Duployan shorthand">Duployan shorthand</a>

<ul><li><a href="Duployan_shorthand#Chinook_writing" title="Duployan shorthand">Chinook</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Eclectic_shorthand" title="Eclectic shorthand">Eclectic shorthand</a></li>

<li><a href="Elbasan_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Elbasan script">Elbasan</a></li>

<li><a href="Enochian" title="Enochian">Enochian</a></li>

<li><a href="Etruscan_alphabet" title="Etruscan alphabet">Etruscan</a></li>

<li><a href="George_Psalmanazar#Pseudo-lexicographer" title="George Psalmanazar">Formosan</a></li>

<li><a href="Fraser_script" title="Fraser script">Fraser</a></li>

<li><a href="Gabelsberger_shorthand" title="Gabelsberger shorthand">Gabelsberger shorthand</a></li>

<li><a href="Gadabuursi_Somali_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Gadabuursi Somali script">Gadabuursi</a></li>

<li><a href="Garay_alphabet" title="Garay alphabet">Garay alphabet</a></li>

<li><a href="Georgian_scripts" title="Georgian scripts">Georgian</a>

<ul><li><a href="Asomtavruli" class="mw-redirect" title="Asomtavruli">Asomtavruli</a></li>

<li><a href="Nuskhuri" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuskhuri">Nuskhuri</a></li>

<li><a href="Mkhedruli" class="mw-redirect" title="Mkhedruli">Mkhedruli</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Glagolitic_script" title="Glagolitic script">Glagolitic</a></li>

<li><a href="Gothic_alphabet" title="Gothic alphabet">Gothic</a></li>

<li><a href="Gregg_shorthand" title="Gregg shorthand">Gregg shorthand</a></li>

<li><a href="Greek_alphabet" title="Greek alphabet">Greek</a> (<a href="Archaic_Greek_alphabets" title="Archaic Greek alphabets">Archaic</a>)</li>

<li><a href="Greco-Iberian_alphabet" title="Greco-Iberian alphabet">Greco-Iberian alphabet</a></li>

<li><a href="Hangul" title="Hangul">Hangul</a></li>

<li><a href="Hanifi_Rohingya_script" title="Hanifi Rohingya script">Hanifi</a></li>

<li><a href="Sunuwar_alphabet" title="Sunuwar alphabet">Sunuwar</a></li>

<li><a href="Kaddare_script" title="Kaddare script">Kaddare</a></li>

<li><a href="Kayah_Li_alphabet" title="Kayah Li alphabet">Kayah Li</a></li>

<li><a href="Klingon_scripts" title="Klingon scripts">Klingon</a></li>

<li><a href="Latin_script" title="Latin script">Latin</a>

<ul>

<li><a href="Blackletter" title="Blackletter">Blackletter</a></li>

<li><a href="Carolingian_minuscule" title="Carolingian minuscule">Carolingian minuscule</a></li>

<li><a href="Fraktur" title="Fraktur">Fraktur</a></li>

<li><a href="Gaelic_type" title="Gaelic type">Gaelic</a></li>

<li><a href="Insular_script" title="Insular script">Insular</a></li>

<li><a href="Kurrent" title="Kurrent">Kurrent</a></li>

<li><a href="Merovingian_script" title="Merovingian script">Merovingian</a></li>

<li><a href="Scribal_abbreviation" title="Scribal abbreviation">Sigla</a></li>

<li><a href="S%C3%BCtterlin" title="Sütterlin">Sütterlin</a></li>

<li><a href="Tironian_notes" title="Tironian notes">Tironian notes</a></li>

<li><a href="Visigothic_script" title="Visigothic script">Visigothic</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Lycian_alphabet" title="Lycian alphabet">Lycian</a></li>

<li><a href="Lydian_alphabet" title="Lydian alphabet">Lydian</a></li>

<li><a href="Manchu_alphabet" title="Manchu alphabet">Manchu</a></li>

<li><a href="Medefaidrin" title="Medefaidrin">Medefaidrin</a></li>

<li><a href="Molodtsov_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Molodtsov alphabet">Molodtsov</a></li>

<li><a href="Mundari_Bani" title="Mundari Bani">Mundari Bani</a></li>

<li><a href="Ogham" title="Ogham">Ogham</a></li>

<li><a href="Ol_Chiki_script" title="Ol Chiki script">Ol Chiki</a></li>

<li><a href="Old_Hungarian_script" title="Old Hungarian script">Old Hungarian</a></li>

<li><a href="Old_Italic_scripts" title="Old Italic scripts">Old Italic</a></li>

<li><a href="Old_Permic_script" title="Old Permic script">Old Permic</a></li>

<li><a href="Old_Turkic_script" title="Old Turkic script">Orkhon</a></li>

<li><a href="Old_Uyghur_alphabet" title="Old Uyghur alphabet">Old Uyghur</a>

<ul><li><a href="Mongolian_script" title="Mongolian script">Mongolian</a>

<ul><li><a href="Evenki_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Evenki alphabet">Evenki</a></li>

<li><a href="Galik_alphabet" title="Galik alphabet">Galik alphabet</a></li>

<li><a href="Manchu_alphabet" title="Manchu alphabet">Manchu</a></li>

<li><a href="Clear_Script" title="Clear Script">Oirat</a></li>

<li><a href="Vagindra_script" title="Vagindra script">Vagindra</a></li></ul></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Osage_script" title="Osage script">Osage</a></li>

<li><a href="Osmanya_script" title="Osmanya script">Osmanya</a></li>

<li><a href="Phrygian_alphabet" title="Phrygian alphabet">Phrygian</a></li>

<li><a href="Pisidian_language" title="Pisidian language">Pisidian</a></li>

<li><a href="Runes" title="Runes">Runic</a>

<ul><li><a href="Anglo-Saxon_runes" title="Anglo-Saxon runes">Anglo-Saxon</a></li>

<li><a href="Cipher_runes" title="Cipher runes">Cipher</a></li>

<li><a href="Dalecarlian_runes" title="Dalecarlian runes">Dalecarlian</a></li>

<li><a href="Elder_Futhark" title="Elder Futhark">Elder Futhark</a></li>

<li><a href="Younger_Futhark" title="Younger Futhark">Younger Futhark</a></li>

<li><a href="Gothic_runic_inscriptions" title="Gothic runic inscriptions">Gothic</a></li>

<li><a href="Marcomannic_runes" class="mw-redirect" title="Marcomannic runes">Marcomannic</a></li>

<li><a href="Medieval_runes" title="Medieval runes">Medieval</a></li>

<li><a href="Staveless_runes" title="Staveless runes">Staveless</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Shavian_alphabet" title="Shavian alphabet">Shavian</a></li>

<li><a href="Sidetic_language" title="Sidetic language">Sidetic</a></li>

<li><a href="Sorang_Sompeng_script" title="Sorang Sompeng script">Sorang Sompeng</a></li>

<li><a href="Sunuwar_alphabet" title="Sunuwar alphabet">Sunuwar</a></li>

<li><a href="Tifinagh" title="Tifinagh">Tifinagh</a></li>

<li><a href="Todhri_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Todhri script">Todhri</a></li>

<li><a href="Kurukh_language#Writing_systems" title="Kurukh language">Tolong Siki</a></li>

<li><a href="Vellara_alphabet" title="Vellara alphabet">Vellara</a></li>

<li><a href="Visible_Speech" title="Visible Speech">Visible Speech</a></li>

<li><a href="Vithkuqi_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Vithkuqi script">Vithkuqi</a></li>

<li><a href="Wancho_language#Orthography" title="Wancho language">Wancho</a></li>

<li><a href="Warang_Citi" title="Warang Citi">Warang Citi</a></li>

<li><a href="Kurdish_alphabets#Yezidi" title="Kurdish alphabets">Yezidi</a></li>

<li><a href="Zaghawa_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Zaghawa script">Zaghawa</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Non-linear</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Braille" title="Braille">Braille</a></li>

<li><a href="International_maritime_signal_flags" title="International maritime signal flags">Maritime flags</a></li>

<li><a href="Telegraph_code" title="Telegraph code">Telegraph code</a></li>

<li><a href="New_York_Point" title="New York Point">New York Point</a></li>

<li><a href="Flag_semaphore" title="Flag semaphore">Flag semaphore</a></li>

<ul><li><a href="Adinkra_symbols" title="Adinkra symbols">Adinkra</a></li>

<li><a href="Aztec_script" title="Aztec script">Aztec</a></li>

<li><a href="Blissymbols" title="Blissymbols">Blissymbols</a></li>

<li><a href="Dongba_symbols" title="Dongba symbols">Dongba</a></li>

<li><a href="Ersu_Shaba_script" title="Ersu Shaba script">Ersu Shaba</a></li>

<li><a href="Emoji" title="Emoji">Emoji</a></li>

<li><a href="Isotype_(picture_language)" title="Isotype (picture language)">Isotype</a></li>

<li><a href="Kaid%C4%81_glyphs" title="Kaidā glyphs">Kaidā</a></li>

<li><a href="Mi%EA%9E%8Ckmaw_hieroglyphic_writing" class="mw-redirect" title="Miꞌkmaw hieroglyphic writing">Miꞌkmaw</a></li>

<li><a href="Mixtec_writing" title="Mixtec writing">Mixtec</a></li>

<li><a href="New_Epoch_Notation_Painting" class="mw-redirect" title="New Epoch Notation Painting">New Epoch Notation Painting</a></li>

<li><a href="Nsibidi" title="Nsibidi">Nsibidi</a></li>

<li><a href="Ojibwe_writing_systems#Anishinaabewibii'iganan" title="Ojibwe writing systems">Anishinaabewibii'iganan</a></li>

<li><a href="Olmec_hieroglyphs" title="Olmec hieroglyphs">Olmec</a></li>

<li><a href="Siglas_poveiras" title="Siglas poveiras">Siglas poveiras</a></li>

<li><a href="Testerian" title="Testerian">Testerian</a></li>

<li><a href="Yerkish" title="Yerkish">Yerkish</a></li>

<li><a href="Zapotec_script" title="Zapotec script">Zapotec</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Logograms0" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Logogram" title="Logogram">Logograms</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="Chinese_family_of_scripts" title="Chinese family of scripts">Chinese family of scripts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="Chinese_characters" title="Chinese characters">Chinese characters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Simplified</a></li>

<li><a href="Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Traditional</a></li>

<li><a href="Oracle_bone_script" title="Oracle bone script">Oracle bone script</a></li>

<li><a href="Chinese_bronze_inscriptions" title="Chinese bronze inscriptions">Bronze scripts</a></li>

<li><a href="Seal_script" title="Seal script">Seal script</a>

<ul><li><a href="Large_seal_script" title="Large seal script">large</a></li>

<li><a href="Small_seal_script" title="Small seal script">small</a></li>

<li><a href="Hanja" title="Hanja">Hanja</a></li>

<li><a href="Kanji" title="Kanji">Kanji</a></li>

<li><a href="Sawndip" title="Sawndip">Sawndip</a></li>

<li><a href="Bowen_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Bowen script">Bowen</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Chinese-influenced</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Jurchen_script" title="Jurchen script">Jurchen</a></li>

<li><a href="Khitan_large_script" title="Khitan large script">Khitan large script</a></li>

<li><a href="Tangut_script" title="Tangut script">Tangut</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="Cuneiform" title="Cuneiform">Cuneiform</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Akkadian_cuneiform" class="mw-redirect" title="Akkadian cuneiform">Akkadian</a></li>

<li><a href="Assyrian_cuneiform" class="mw-redirect" title="Assyrian cuneiform">Assyrian</a></li>

<li><a href="Elamite_cuneiform" title="Elamite cuneiform">Elamite</a></li>

<li><a href="Hittite_cuneiform" title="Hittite cuneiform">Hittite</a></li>

<li><a href="Cuneiform_Luwian" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuneiform Luwian">Luwian</a></li>

<li><a href="Cuneiform" title="Cuneiform">Sumerian</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Other logosyllabic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Anatolian_hieroglyphs" title="Anatolian hieroglyphs">Anatolian</a></li>

<li><a href="Bagam_script" title="Bagam script">Bagam</a></li>

<li><a href="Cretan_hieroglyphs" title="Cretan hieroglyphs">Cretan</a></li>

<li><a href="Isthmian_script" title="Isthmian script">Isthmian</a></li>

<li><a href="Proto-Elamite_script" title="Proto-Elamite script">Proto-Elamite</a></li>

<li><a href="Tenevil" title="Tenevil">Tenevil</a></li>

<li><a href="Yi_script#Classical_Yi" title="Yi script">Yi (Classical)</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Logoconsonantal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Demotic_(Egyptian)" title="Demotic (Egyptian)">Demotic</a></li>

<li><a href="Hieratic" title="Hieratic">Hieratic</a></li>

<li><a href="Egyptian_hieroglyphs" title="Egyptian hieroglyphs">Hieroglyphs</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Numerals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Hindu%E2%80%93Arabic_numeral_system" title="Hindu–Arabic numeral system">Hindu-Arabic</a></li>

<li><a href="Abjad_numerals" title="Abjad numerals">Abjad</a></li>

<li><a href="Attic_numerals" title="Attic numerals">Attic (Greek)</a></li>

<li><a href="Muisca_numerals" title="Muisca numerals">Muisca</a></li>

<li><a href="Roman_numerals" title="Roman numerals">Roman</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Sitelen_Pona" title="Sitelen Pona">Sitelen Pona</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Semi-syllabaries0" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Semi-syllabaries" class="mw-redirect" title="Semi-syllabaries">Semi-syllabaries</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Full</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Linear_Elamite" title="Linear Elamite">Linear Elamite</a></li>

<li><a href="Celtiberian_script" title="Celtiberian script">Celtiberian</a></li>

<li><a href="Iberian_scripts" title="Iberian scripts">Iberian</a>

<ul><li><a href="Northeastern_Iberian_script" title="Northeastern Iberian script">Northeastern</a></li>

<li><a href="Southeastern_Iberian_script" title="Southeastern Iberian script">Southeastern</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Dunging_script" title="Dunging script">Dunging</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Redundant</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Espanca_script" title="Espanca script">Espanca script</a></li>

<li><a href="Pahawh_Hmong" title="Pahawh Hmong">Pahawh Hmong</a></li>

<li><a href="Khitan_small_script" title="Khitan small script">Khitan small script</a></li>

<li><a href="Southwest_Paleohispanic_script" title="Southwest Paleohispanic script">Southwest Paleohispanic</a></li>

<li><a href="Bopomofo" title="Bopomofo">Bopomofo</a></li>

<ul><li><a href="ASLwrite" title="ASLwrite">ASLwrite</a></li>

<li><a href="SignWriting" title="SignWriting">SignWriting</a></li>

<li><a href="Stokoe_notation" title="Stokoe notation">Stokoe notation</a></li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="Afaka_syllabary" title="Afaka syllabary">Afaka</a></li>

<li><a href="Bamum_script" title="Bamum script">Bamum</a></li>

<li><a href="Byblos_syllabary" title="Byblos syllabary">Byblos</a></li>

<li><a href="Canadian_Aboriginal_syllabics" title="Canadian Aboriginal syllabics">Canadian Aboriginal</a></li>

<li><a href="Cherokee_syllabary" title="Cherokee syllabary">Cherokee</a></li>

<li><a href="Cypriot_syllabary" title="Cypriot syllabary">Cypriot</a></li>

<li><a href="Cypro-Minoan_syllabary" title="Cypro-Minoan syllabary">Cypro-Minoan</a></li>

<li><a href="Ditema_tsa_Dinoko" title="Ditema tsa Dinoko">Ditema tsa Dinoko</a></li>

<li><a href="Eskayan_script" title="Eskayan script">Eskayan</a></li>

<li><a href="Great_Lakes_Algonquian_syllabics" title="Great Lakes Algonquian syllabics">Great Lakes Algonquian</a></li>

<ul><li><a href="Hiragana" title="Hiragana">Hiragana</a></li>

<li><a href="Katakana" title="Katakana">Katakana</a></li>

<li><a href="Man'y%C5%8Dgana" title="Man'yōgana">Man'yōgana</a></li>

<li><a href="Hentaigana" title="Hentaigana">Hentaigana</a></li>

<li><a href="S%C5%8Dgana" title="Sōgana">Sōgana</a></li>

<li><a href="Jindai_moji" title="Jindai moji">Jindai moji</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Mende_Kikakui_script" title="Mende Kikakui script">Kikakui</a></li>

<li><a href="Kpelle_syllabary" title="Kpelle syllabary">Kpelle</a></li>

<li><a href="Linear_B" title="Linear B">Linear B</a></li>

<li><a href="Linear_Elamite" title="Linear Elamite">Linear Elamite</a></li>

<li><a href="N%C3%BCshu" title="Nüshu">Nüshu</a></li>

<li><a href="Nwagu_Aneke_script" title="Nwagu Aneke script">Nwagu Aneke script</a></li>

<li><a href="Old_Persian_cuneiform" title="Old Persian cuneiform">Old Persian cuneiform</a></li>

<li><a href="Cuneiform" title="Cuneiform">Sumerian</a></li>

<li><a href="Woleai_script" title="Woleai script">Woleai</a></li>

<li><a href="Yugtun_script" title="Yugtun script">Yugtun</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Braille_⠃⠗⠁⠊⠇⠇⠑206" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Braille" title="Braille">Braille</a><span style="padding-left:0.5em;"> </span>⠃⠗⠁⠊⠇⠇⠑</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Braille cell</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="1829_braille" title="1829 braille">1829 braille</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="International_uniformity_of_braille_alphabets" title="International uniformity of braille alphabets">International uniformity</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Braille_ASCII" title="Braille ASCII">ASCII braille</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Braille_Patterns" title="Braille Patterns">Unicode braille patterns</a></span></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Braille scripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">French-ordered</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Albanian_Braille" title="Albanian Braille">Albanian</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Azeri_Braille" class="mw-redirect" title="Azeri Braille">Azerbaijani</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Cantonese_Braille" title="Cantonese Braille">Cantonese</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Catalan_Braille" title="Catalan Braille">Catalan</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Mainland_Chinese_Braille" title="Mainland Chinese Braille">Chinese (mainland Mandarin)</a> (largely reassigned)</span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Czech_Braille" title="Czech Braille">Czech</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Dutch_Braille" title="Dutch Braille">Dutch</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="English_Braille" title="English Braille">English</a> (<a href="Unified_English_Braille" title="Unified English Braille">Unified English</a>)</span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Esperanto_Braille" title="Esperanto Braille">Esperanto</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="French_Braille" title="French Braille">French</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="German_Braille" title="German Braille">German</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Ghanaian_braille" title="Ghanaian braille">Ghanaian</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Guarani_Braille" title="Guarani Braille">Guarani</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Hawaiian_Braille" title="Hawaiian Braille">Hawaiian</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Hungarian_Braille" title="Hungarian Braille">Hungarian</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="I%C3%B1upiaq_Braille" title="Iñupiaq Braille">Iñupiaq</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Irish_Braille" title="Irish Braille">Irish</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Italian_Braille" title="Italian Braille">Italian</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Latvian_Braille" title="Latvian Braille">Latvian</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Lithuanian_Braille" title="Lithuanian Braille">Lithuanian</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Luxembourgish_Braille" title="Luxembourgish Braille">Luxembourgish</a> (extended to 8-dot)</span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Maltese_Braille" title="Maltese Braille">Maltese</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="M%C4%81ori_Braille" title="Māori Braille">Māori</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Navajo_Braille" title="Navajo Braille">Navajo</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Nigerian_braille" title="Nigerian braille">Nigerian</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Philippine_Braille" title="Philippine Braille">Philippine</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Polish_Braille" title="Polish Braille">Polish</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Portuguese_Braille" title="Portuguese Braille">Portuguese</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Romanian_Braille" title="Romanian Braille">Romanian</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Samoan_Braille" title="Samoan Braille">Samoan</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Slovak_Braille" title="Slovak Braille">Slovak</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="South_African_braille" title="South African braille">South African</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Spanish_Braille" title="Spanish Braille">Spanish</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Taiwanese_Braille" title="Taiwanese Braille">Taiwanese Mandarin</a> (largely reassigned)</span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Turkish_Braille" title="Turkish Braille">Turkish</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Vietnamese_Braille" title="Vietnamese Braille">Vietnamese</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Welsh_Braille" title="Welsh Braille">Welsh</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Yugoslav_Braille" title="Yugoslav Braille">Yugoslav</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Zambian_Braille" title="Zambian Braille">Zambian</a></span></li></ul>

</div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nordic family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Estonian_Braille" title="Estonian Braille">Estonian</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Faroese_Braille" title="Faroese Braille">Faroese</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Icelandic_Braille" title="Icelandic Braille">Icelandic</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Scandinavian_Braille" title="Scandinavian Braille">Scandinavian</a></span>

<ul><li><span class="nowrap">Danish</span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap">Finnish</span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap">Greenlandic</span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Northern_S%C3%A1mi_Braille" title="Northern Sámi Braille">Northern Sámi</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap">Norwegian</span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap">Swedish</span></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Russian lineage family<br>i.e. <a href="Cyrillic_alphabets" title="Cyrillic alphabets">Cyrillic</a>-mediated scripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Belarusian_Braille" title="Belarusian Braille">Belarusian</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Bulgarian_Braille" title="Bulgarian Braille">Bulgarian</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Kazakh_Braille" title="Kazakh Braille">Kazakh</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Kyrgyz_Braille" title="Kyrgyz Braille">Kyrgyz</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Mongolian_Braille" title="Mongolian Braille">Mongolian</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Russian_Braille" title="Russian Braille">Russian</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Tatar_Braille" title="Tatar Braille">Tatar</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Ukrainian_Braille" title="Ukrainian Braille">Ukrainian</a></span></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Egyptian lineage family<br>i.e. <a href="Arabic_script" title="Arabic script">Arabic</a>-mediated scripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Arabic_Braille" title="Arabic Braille">Arabic</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Persian_Braille" title="Persian Braille">Persian</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Urdu_Braille" title="Urdu Braille">Urdu</a> (Pakistan)</span></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Indian lineage family<br>i.e. <a href="Bharati_Braille" title="Bharati Braille">Bharati Braille</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Devanagari_Braille" title="Devanagari Braille">Devanagari (Hindi / Marathi / Nepali)</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Bengali_Braille" title="Bengali Braille">Bengali (Bangla / Assamese)</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Gujarati_Braille" title="Gujarati Braille">Gujarati</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Kannada_Braille" title="Kannada Braille">Kannada</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Malayalam_Braille" title="Malayalam Braille">Malayalam</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Punjabi_Braille" title="Punjabi Braille">Punjabi</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Sinhala_Braille" title="Sinhala Braille">Sinhala</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Tamil_Braille" title="Tamil Braille">Tamil</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Telugu_Braille" title="Telugu Braille">Telugu</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Urdu_Braille" title="Urdu Braille">Urdu</a> (India)</span></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other scripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Ge'ez_Braille" class="mw-redirect" title="Ge'ez Braille">Amharic</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Armenian_Braille" title="Armenian Braille">Armenian</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Burmese_Braille" title="Burmese Braille">Burmese</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Dzongkha_Braille" title="Dzongkha Braille">Dzongkha</a> (Bhutanese)</span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Georgian_Braille" title="Georgian Braille">Georgian</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Greek_Braille" title="Greek Braille">Greek</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Hebrew_Braille" title="Hebrew Braille">Hebrew</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Inuktitut_Braille" title="Inuktitut Braille">Inuktitut</a> (reassigned vowels)</span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Khmer_Braille" title="Khmer Braille">Khmer</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Thai_and_Lao_Braille" title="Thai and Lao Braille">Thai and Lao</a> (Japanese vowels)</span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Tibetan_Braille" title="Tibetan Braille">Tibetan</a></span></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Reordered</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Algerian_Braille" title="Algerian Braille">Algerian Braille</a> (obsolete)</span></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Frequency-based</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="American_Braille" title="American Braille">American Braille</a> (obsolete)</span></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Independent</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><span class="nowrap">Chinese semi-syllabaries</span>

<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Cantonese_Braille" title="Cantonese Braille">Cantonese</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Mainland_Chinese_Braille" title="Mainland Chinese Braille">Mainland Chinese Mandarin</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Taiwanese_Braille" title="Taiwanese Braille">Taiwanese Mandarin</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Two-cell_Chinese_Braille" title="Two-cell Chinese Braille">Two-cell Chinese (Shuangpin)</a></span></li></ul></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Japanese_Braille" title="Japanese Braille">Japanese</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Korean_Braille" title="Korean Braille">Korean</a></span></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eight-dot</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Luxembourgish_Braille" title="Luxembourgish Braille">Luxembourgish</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Braille_kanji" title="Braille kanji">Kanji</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Gardner%E2%80%93Salinas_braille_codes" title="Gardner–Salinas braille codes">Gardner–Salinas braille codes</a> (GS8)</span></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Symbols in braille</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Braille_music" title="Braille music">Braille music</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Canadian_currency_tactile_feature" title="Canadian currency tactile feature">Canadian currency marks</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Computer_Braille_Code" title="Computer Braille Code">Computer Braille Code</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Gardner%E2%80%93Salinas_braille_codes" title="Gardner–Salinas braille codes">Gardner–Salinas braille codes</a> (science; GS8/GS6)</span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="IPA_Braille" title="IPA Braille">International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Nemeth_Braille" title="Nemeth Braille">Nemeth braille code</a></span></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Braille_technology" title="Braille technology">Braille technology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Braille_e-book" title="Braille e-book">Braille e-book</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Braille_embosser" title="Braille embosser">Braille embosser</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Braille_translator" title="Braille translator">Braille translator</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Braille_watch" title="Braille watch">Braille watch</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Mountbatten_Brailler" title="Mountbatten Brailler">Mountbatten Brailler</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Optical_braille_recognition" title="Optical braille recognition">Optical braille recognition</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Perforation" title="Perforation">Perforation</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Perkins_Brailler" title="Perkins Brailler">Perkins Brailler</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Refreshable_braille_display" title="Refreshable braille display">Refreshable braille display</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Slate_and_stylus" title="Slate and stylus">Slate and stylus</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Braigo" title="Braigo">Braigo</a></span></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Louis_Braille" title="Louis Braille">Louis Braille</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Charles_Barbier" title="Charles Barbier">Charles Barbier</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="R%C3%B3%C5%BCa_Czacka" title="Róża Czacka">Róża Czacka</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Valentin_Ha%C3%BCy" title="Valentin Haüy">Valentin Haüy</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Harris_Mowbray" title="Harris Mowbray">Harris Mowbray</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Thakur_Vishva_Narain_Singh" title="Thakur Vishva Narain Singh">Thakur Vishva Narain Singh</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Sabriye_Tenberken" title="Sabriye Tenberken">Sabriye Tenberken</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="William_Bell_Wait" title="William Bell Wait">William Bell Wait</a></span></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Braille_Institute_of_America" title="Braille Institute of America">Braille Institute of America</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Braille_Without_Borders" title="Braille Without Borders">Braille Without Borders</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Japan_Braille_Library" title="Japan Braille Library">Japan Braille Library</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="National_Braille_Association" title="National Braille Association">National Braille Association</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap">Blindness organizations</span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap">Schools for the blind</span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="American_Printing_House_for_the_Blind" title="American Printing House for the Blind">American Printing House for the Blind</a></span></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other <a href="Tactile_alphabet" title="Tactile alphabet">tactile alphabets</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Decapoint" title="Decapoint">Decapoint</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="New_York_Point" title="New York Point">New York Point</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Night_writing" title="Night writing">Night writing</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Vibratese" title="Vibratese">Vibratese</a></span></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Accessible_publishing" title="Accessible publishing">Accessible publishing</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Braille_literacy" title="Braille literacy">Braille literacy</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="RoboBraille" title="RoboBraille">RoboBraille</a></span></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q338621#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata731" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q338621#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata731" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Authority control databases </div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4144466-8">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11967219r">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11967219r">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datos.bne.es/resource/XX545136">Spain</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/027681319">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2024-06-16" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Beneventan_script&oldid=1229363500">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

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